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Class Notes on Sacred History
Volume II: First Samuel through Nehemiah.
J. W. McGarvey (1893)
Table of Contents
- Part First. David Becomes King of Israel. II. Sam. 1:1-5:5.
- Part Second. Prosperous Period of David's Reign. II. Sam. 5:6-12:31.
- Part Third. Adverse Period of David's Reign. II. Sam. 13:1-24:25.
- Review of First and Second Samuel.
SECOND SAMUEL.
PART FIRST.
DAVID BECOMES KING OF ISRAEL.
i. 1-v. 5.
§ I. DAVID MOURNS FOR SAUL AND JONATHAN. i. 1-27.
1. He Receives News from the Battle. i. 1-12.
- How long after the battle? 1, 2.
- How an Amalekite in Saul's army? 8. Did he tell the truth about the death of Saul? 8-10, cf. I. Sam. xxxi. 4, 5, 9.
- How had he obtained the bracelet and the crown? 10.
2. The Bearer of News Slain. 13-16.
- Why slain?
- What had he expected?
3. A Hymn of Lamentation. 17-27.
- Why called "the song of the bow"? 18, cf. 22.
- What the book of Jasher? 18, cf. Josh. x. 13.
- Why such praise of Saul?
§ II. DAVID MADE KING OF JUDAH, AND CIVIL WAR
BEGUN. ii. 1-32.1. David Anointed at Hebron. ii. 1-4.
- Why say "cities of Hebron"? 3.
- Why Judah first to anoint him? 4, cf. I. Sam. xvii. 12; xxx. 26-31.
- Why done at Hebron? [18]
2. He Compliments Jabesh-gilead. 4-7.
- What requital meant? 6.
- Why tell them that he was king? 7.
3. Abner Proclaims Ish-bosheth King. 8-11.
- Abner's motive? See I. Sam. xiv. 50.
- Why Ish-bosheth not mentioned before? Cf. I. Sam. xiv. 49; xxxi. 2.
- Meaning of the name? Cf. I. Chron. viii. 33; ix. 39.
- Why begin at Mahanaim? 8, cf. iv. 7.
- When was he born? 10, cf. Acts, xiii. 21.
- How are the two years of 10 counted? Cf. 11; iv. 5-v. 3.
- How rid of the Philistines?
4. The Battle of Gibeon. 12-17.
- Who brought on the fighting? 12.
- Why not tell who Joab was? 13, cf. 18; I. Chron. ii. 16.
- Purpose of the "play"? and why so called? 14.
- Meaning of Helkath-hazzurim? 16.
5. The Death of Asahel. 18-23.
- Asahel's purpose? 21.
- Why Abner's forbearance? 22.
- How did he succeed? 23.
6. The Pursuit Ended and Asahel Buried. 24-32.
- Purpose of the gathering on the hill-top? 25.
- Meaning of Abner's demand and of Joab's reply? 26, 27.
- Do the twenty include the twelve? 30, cf. 15.
- Why both armies hasten to headquarters? 29, 32.
§ III. THE DEFECTION AND DEATH OF ABNER. iii. 1-v. 5. 1. Continuance of the War, and Family of David. iii. 1-5.
- Why say, "house of Saul"? 1.
- How many wives and sons? [19] 2-5, cf. I. Chron. iii. 1-9.
- When the last four wives taken? Cf. I. Sam. xxv. 43.
- Which was of royal blood? 3.
- Which son the natural heir to the throne? 2.
2. Abner Quarrels with Ish-bosheth. 6-11.
- Why the offense so serious? 7.
- Meaning of Abner's question?
- Why dare to fight against God's purpose? 9, 10.
3. He Negotiates with David. 12-16.
- Point in "whose is the land"? 12.
- Why demand Michal as a condition? 13.
- Why did Ish-bosheth consent? 15.
4. Abner Counsels with the Elders, and Visits David. 17-21.
- What the former wish of the elders? 17.
- When had the Lord said what Abner quotes? 18.
5. Abner Is Assassinated by Joab. 22-30.
- Was Joab sincere in his charge against Abner? 25.
6. Mourning for Abner. 31-39.
- Why such distress over the fall of an enemy?
- Why the fasting? 35.
- Why the sons of Zeruiah too hard for him? 39.
7. An Account of Baanah, Rechab and Mephibosheth. iv. 1-4.
- Where was Beeroth? 2, cf. Josh. ix. 17.
- What Beerothites fled? 3.
- What the present age of Mephibosheth? 4.
8. Ish-bosheth Slain. 5-12.
- Why "as though they would have fetched wheat"? 6.
- What the Arabah? 7.
- Why the hands and the feet? 12.
- What "the pool in Hebron"? 12, cf. Lands of the Bible, 250.
- Why put the [20] head in Abner's tomb? 12.
9. David Acknowledged by All the Tribes. v. 1-5.
- By whom the tribes represented? 1, cf. 3.
- Why a third anointing?
- Length of his reign? and how divided? 5.
- A fuller account. I. Chron. xii. 23-40.
PART SECOND.
PROSPEROUS PERIOD OF DAVID'S REIGN.
v. 6-xii. 31.
§ I. DAVID'S THRONE ESTABLISHED IN JERUSALEM. v. 6-vi. 23.
1. Jerusalem Taken. v. 6-10; I. Chron. xi. 4-9.
- Why still in the hands of the Jebusites? 6, cf. Judg. i. 21; xix. 10, 11.
- Meaning of the taunt? 6.
- What was Zion and what, Milo? 7-9, cf. L. of B., pp. 150, 144.
- A feat by Joab. I. Chron., xi. 6.
2. David's House and Family. 11-16; I. Chron. iii. 1-9; xiv. 1-7.
- Why did Hiram send messengers, trees, and workmen? II. Sam. v. 11.
- How many wives had David already? II. Sam. iii. 2-5.
- Why take more?
- Whole number?
3. The Battle of Baal-perazim. 17-21; I. Chron. xiv. 8-12.
- Was this before, or after the taking of Jerusalem? 17.
- Purpose of the invasion? 17.
- Where is the valley of Rephaim? 18, cf. Lands of the Bible, 214.
- How "like the breach of waters"? 20. [21]
- What images? and what done with them? 21, cf. I. Chron. xiv. 12.
4. The Battle of the Mulberry Trees. 22-25; I. Chron. xiv. 13-17.
- What "the sound of marching"? 24.
- Where this battle fought? 25.
- Why "from Gibeon"? I. Chron. xiv. 15-17.
5. The Ark Moved to the House of Obed-edom.
vi. 1-11; I. Chron. xiii. 1-14.
- How reconcile the numbers? vi. 1, cf. I. Chron. xiii. 1.
- What was Baale? 2, cf. Josh. xv. 9.
- Why a new cart? 3, cf. I. Sam. vii. 7.
- What the sin of Uzzah? 6, cf. Num. iv. 15.
- Who was Obed-edom? 10; I. Chron. xv. 14-24.
- Difference as to owner of the threshing-floor? 6, cf. I. Chron. xiii. 1-14. Chidon. Nachon.
6. The Ark Is Brought into the City of David.
12-19; I. Chron. xv. 1-xvi. 3.
- Why the sacrifices at six paces? 13.
- Why the leaping and dancing, etc. 14, 16.
- Why the bread, flesh, and raisins? 19.
- Who bore the ark this time? and why? I. Chron. xv. 2.
- Who officiated in the sacrifices? ib. 11, 12.
- Where the old tent of meeting? and why pitch a new one? 17, cf. I. Chron. xvi. 39-43.
- What other celebration of the occasion? I. Chron. xvi. 4-36, cf. Ps. cv. 1-15.
- General difference here between Second Samuel and First Chronicles?
7. Michal Reproves David. 20-23.
- Ground of the reproof? 20, cf. 22.
- Why her conception of the matter?
- Was her barrenness a punishment? [22]
§ II. DAVID'S DESIRE TO BUILD A TEMPLE.
vii. 1-29; I. Chron. xvii. 1-27.1. David's Proposal and the Lord's Answer. vii. 1-17.
- When was this? 1, cf. 9.
- Why say "walked in a tent"? 6.
- What son was to build the house? 12, 13.
- Distinction to be made between him and Saul? 14, 15.
- In what way was his kingdom made sure for ever? 16, cf. Luke, i. 30-33.
- Why was David not permitted to build? Cf. I. Chron. xxviii. 2, 3.
2. David Praises the Lord. 18-29.
- Causes of his thanksgiving? 18, 19.
- Where did he sit before the Lord? 18, cf. vi. 17; viii. 14.
§ III. DAVID'S CONQUESTS, AND THE ORGANIZATION OF HIS
KINGDOM. viii. 1-18; I. Chron. xviii. 1-17.1. Final Subjugation of the Philistines. viii. 1.
- Meaning of "bridle of the mother city"? 1, cf. I. Chron. xviii. 1.
2. The Conquest of Moab. 2.
- Meaning of this?
- His former relation to Moab? I. Sam. xxii. 3, 4.
- Why his present severity?
3. The Conquest of Syria. 3-12.
- What river? 3.
- What right to this boundary? Gen. xv. 18.
- Why hough the horses? 4.
- Meaning of Syria of Damascus? 6.
- What were shields of gold? 7.
4. The Conquest of Edom. 13, 14. [23]
- Present extent of his kingdom?
- For Syrians, 13, read, Edomites. Cf. 12: I. Ki. xi. 15, 16.
- Why such severity toward Edom?
- Why garrisons? 14.
5. Military, Religious and Civil Organization.
15-18; I. Chron. xviii. 14-17.
- Meaning of recorder? 16.
- Duty of scribe? 17.
- Who the Cherethites and Pelethites? 18, cf. I. Sam. xxx. 14; II. Sam. xv. 18; I. Ki. i. 38, 44.
- What had distinguished Benaiah? II. Sam. xxiii. 20-23.
- Who was Zadok? 17, cf. I. Chron. vi. 4-8; xxiv. 3.
- Why say "Ahimelech the son of Abiathar"? 17, cf. I. Sam. xxii. 9-23.
- What kind of "priests"? 18.
§ IV. DAVID'S KINDNESS TO MEPHIBOSHETH. ix. 1-13.
- Who was Machir? 4, cf. xvii. 27-29.
- Why was he there?
- What caused his lameness? 3, cf. iv. 4.
- What land had Saul? 7.
- Why call himself a dead dog? 8.
- Was it common to thus treat the heir of a rival house?
§ V. WAR AGAINST THE AMMONITES AND DAVID'S GREAT
SIN. x. 1-xii. 31; I. Chron. xix. 1-xx. 3.1. The War Brought on by Hanun. x. 1-6.
- Was this the Nahash of I. Sam. xi. 1-3?
- What kindness had he shown to David? 2.
- Why misconstrue David's motive? 3.
- Why this a cause of war? 6.
2. Joab Defeats the Combined Forces. 7-14.
- Why divide their army? 8.
- Merits of Joab's remark to [24] Abishai? 12.
- Why not attack their city? 14.
- What city? xi. 1.
3. The Syrians again Defeated. 15-19.
- Who was Hadarezer? 16, cf. viii. 3.
- Why David himself in command?
4. Joab Lays Siege to Rabbah. xi. 1.
- What "the return of the year"?
- Meaning of "his servants"?
- In what sense destroyed?
5. David's Sin with Bath-sheba. 2-5.
- What bathing? 2, cf. 4.
- Who was Uriah? 3, cf. xxiii. 24, 39; I. Chron. xi. 11.
6. Attempt at Concealment. 6-13.
- What was Uriah's character? 11.
- Was the ark with the army? 11, cf. vi. 17.
7. David Procures the Death of Uriah. 14-17.
- How would Uriah's death conceal the sin?
- Why did Joab comply?
8. Joab Sends the News to David. 18-25.
- Why expect him to speak of Abimelech? 21, cf. Judg. ix. 53.
9. The Widow Taken. 26, 27.
- Apparent success of the device?
10. The Crime Exposed by Nathan. xii. 1-14.
- What penalties pronounced? 10, 11, 14.
- Why say "thou shalt not die"? 13, cf. Deut. xxii. 21-27.
- How the sin "put away" and yet punished? 13.
- Why would the enemies of the [25] Lord blaspheme? 14.
- Why this narrative given?
11. The Death of the Child. 15-23.
- Why pray against the Lord's decree? 16, cf. 14-22.
- What "house of the Lord"? 20, cf. vi. 17.
- Did David believe in a future state? 23.
12. The Birth of Solomon. 24, 25.
- Why called Jedidiah? 25.
- His birth a subject of promise. I. Chron. xxii. 8-10.
13. The Siege of Rabbah Ended. 26-31.
- What "the city of waters"? 27, cf. Lands of the Bible, 367, 477.
- Considerateness of Joab? 28.
- How could so heavy a crown be worn? 30.
- Meaning of "put them under saws," etc.? 31, cf. I. Chron. xx. 3.
- Why this cruelty?
- What part of this section omitted from the parallel in First Chronicles? [26]
PART THIRD.
ADVERSE PERIOD OF DAVID'S REIGN.
xiii. 1-xxiv. 25.
§ I. AMNON'S CRIME AND ABSALOM'S REVENGE. xiii. 1-xiv. 33.
1. Amnon Forces Tamar. xiii. 1-14.
- What plausibility in the request? 6.
- Why think the king would give her to him? 13.
2. The Effect on all Parties. 15-22.
- Why the hatred? 15.
- Why the soft words of Absalom? 20, cf. 22.
- Why did David do nothing? 21.
3. Absalom's Revenge. 23-37.
- The custom at sheep-shearing? 23, cf. I. Sam. xxv. 11, 36.
- What the character of Absalom? 20, 22, 28.
- How did Jonadab know so much? 32, 33.
- David's punishment increasing. 36.
- Why flee to Talmai? 37, cf. iii. 3.
4. Absalom Brought Home through a Device of Joab.
xiii. 38-xiv. 24.
- Joab's motive? xiii. 38-xiv. 24.
- Why suspect that Joab had prompted the woman? xiv. 19.
- Why not permitted to see the king? xiv. 24.
5. Absalom's Person and His Children. xiv. 25-27.
- Weight of his hair in pounds? 26.
- How worn?
- Why his [27] daughter named Tamar? 27, cf. xiii. 1; Gen. xxxviii. 6.
6. Absalom Gains Access to the King. 28-33.
- How long since he had seen the king? 28, cf. xiii. 38.
- Why did not Joab come? 29.
- Why burn the barley? 30, cf. 32.
§ II. ABSALOM'S REBELLION AND DAVID'S FLIGHT.
xv. 1-xvi. 23.1. Absalom Steals the Hearts of the People. xv. 1-6.
- Why the fifty to run before him? 1.
- Contrast with his father?
- Ingenuity of his devices?
2. The Rebellion Inaugurated. 7-12.
- How forty years? 7, cf. margin.
- Why pretend to such a vow? 8.
- How the signal to be given? 10.
- Why did Ahithophel consent? 12, cf. xi. 3; xxiii. 34.
- What brought the people? 12, cf. 10.
- Why Hebron the place?
3. David Evacuates Jerusalem. 13-29.
- Why the evacuation? 14.
- When had the Gittites come to him? 18.
- Why was Ittai so steadfast? 21.
- Why did the priests wish to carry the ark? 24.
- Why forbidden? 25.
- What part were they to act in the city? 28.
4. Ascent of the Mount of Olives and Meeting with Hushai. 30-37.
- Why his head covered and his feet bare? 30.
- Why Ahithophel's counsel dreaded? 31, 34, cf. xvi. 23.
- The part assigned to Hushai? 34-36.
5. Ziba Shows Friendship to David. xvi. 1-4. [28]
- How could Mephibosheth so think? 3.
6. David Is Cursed by Shimei. 5-14.
- Why his animosity? 5.
- How so close and yet out of reach? Lands of the Bible, 233.
- Why David so resigned? 11, 12.
7. Ahithophel's First Counsel. 15-23.
- The cunning of Hushai's reply? 18, 19.
- Policy of Ahithophel's counsel? 21.
§ III. THE SUPPRESSION OF THE REBELLION. xvii. 1-xviii. 33. 1. Ahithophel's Second Counsel, and Its Defeat by Hushai.
xvii. 1-14.
- Wisdom of the first counsel? 1-3.
- Plausibility of Hushai's advice?
- Its fallacy? 11.
2. David Gets the News and Crosses the Jordan. 15-22.
- Where was En-rogel? 17, cf. Josh. xv. 7, 8; Lands of the Bible, 192.
- Why hurry across the river? 22.
3. Ahithophel Commits Suicide. 23.
- Why do this?
4. Next Movements of David and Absalom. 24-29.
- Why to Mahanaim? 24, cf. 27-29.
- What kindred between Absalom and Amasa? 25.
- As Zeruiah was David's sister (I. Chron. ii. 15, 16) how could her sister be daughter of Nahash? 17:25, 26.
- How the two titles of Ithra? 25, cf. I. Chron. ii. 14-18.
- Why Shobi friendly, when Hanun was not? 27, cf. x. 1-6.
5. A Battle Is Fought, and Absalom Is Slain. xviii. 1-17. [29]
- Why have to set captains of thousands and hundred? 1.
- Whence all the men?
- Why insist that David should not go out? 3.
- Why the command concerning Absalom? 5.
- What "the forest of Ephraim"? 6.
- How did the forest destroy so many? 8.
- How was his head caught? 9.
- Why the heap of stones? 17.
6. Absalom's Pillar. 18.
- Why this mentioned? Cf. 17.
- Where his three sons? Cf. xiv. 27.
7. The Bearers of Tidings to David. 19-23.
- The motive of Ahimaaz? Cf. xviii. 28, 29.
- Who was the Cushite?
- Why did Joab prefer to send him? 21.
- By the way of what plain? 23.
8. David's Reception of the News. 24-33.
- What the roof of the gate? 24.
- Why did being alone prove that he bore tidings? 25.
- How could he recognize the running of Ahimaaz? 27.
- Why not tell the whole truth? 29, cf. 20.
- Why was David so distressed? 33.
- What the chamber over the gate? 33.
- Trace the causes of Absalom's bad career.
§ IV. DAVID IS RESTORED TO POWER. xix. 1-xx. 26. 1. He Is Rebuked for His Mourning. xix. 1-8.
- Why the people so abashed? 2, 3.
- Why would Joab's prediction be true? 7.
- How dared Joab to speak so boldly?
2. A Reaction among Absalom's Followers. 8-10. Who meant by "Israel"? 8, cf. xvii. 24; xviii. 16.
3. The Allegiance of Judah Regained. 11-15. [30]
- Why charge Judah with being "the last"? 11, cf. 9.
- Why the pledge to Amasa? 13.
- Why had Amasa such influence? 14.
- Why meet the king at Gilgal? 15.
4. Shimei Makes Obeisance and Is Spared. 16-23.
- Why did he go through the river? 17, 20.
- How was he of the house of Joseph? 20, cf. 16.
- What class of persons like him?
- Significance in the coming of the Benjamites? 17.
- What stage of water in the river? 17, 18.
- Why call the sons of Zeruiah "adversaries"? 22.
5. The Case of Mephibosheth and Ziba. 24-30.
- Why so negligent of his person? 24.
- Why divide the land? 29, cf. xvi. 1-4.
- Why say "let him take all"? 30.
6. David's Parting from Barzillai. 31-39.
- In what sense "a very great man"? 32.
- His motive in declining the king's invitation? 35-37.
- Who was Chimham? 28, cf. I. Ki. ii. 7.
7. A Quarrel between Israel and Judah. 40-43.
- Why only half of Israel? 40.
- The ground of complaint? 43.
8. The Rebellion of Sheba. xx. 1, 2.
- What moved Sheba? 1, cf. xix. 43.
9. Fate of David's Concubines. 3.
- Why this?
10. The Pursuit of Sheba and the Death of Amasa. 4-22.
- Why send Amasa? 4, cf. xix. 13.
- Where was Gibeon? 8. [31]
- Why meet there?
- Purpose in slaying Amasa? 10.
- How was the army turned over to Joab? 11-13.
- Why did the woman of Abel take the venture? 21, 22.
- Former reputation of Abel? 18.
- Where was it? Lands of the Bible, 334.
11. Final Account of David's Chief Officers. 23-26, cf. viii. 15-18.
- What changes since the beginning? See viii. 16-18.
- Why Joab's office again mentioned? Cf. xix. 13.
- Why this account given again?
§ V. THE GIBEONITES AVENGED. xxi. 1-14. 1. A Three Years Famine and the Cause. xxi. 1, 2.
- When had Israel sworn to them? 2, cf. Josh. ix. 1-27.
- How many had Saul slain? and why? 2, cf. 6.
- Why punish the nation for Saul's sin?
2. Satisfaction Referred to the Injured Party. 3-6.
- Why "in Gibeah of Saul"? 6.
3. Seven Sons of Saul Made the Victims. 7-9.
- Why the name Michal here? 8, cf. I. Sam. xviii. 19; vi. 23.
- What kind of hanging? 9.
4. Rizpah's Mourning and Its Effect. 10-14.
- How long the watching? 10.
- How gather Saul's bones, when the body had been burned? 12, cf. I. Sam. xxxi. 11-13.
- What moved David to do this? [32]
§ VI. PERSONAL EXPLOITS, A PSALM OF THANKSGIVING, AND
A LIST OF HEROES. xxi. 15-xxiii. 39.1. David's Life Saved by Abishai. xxi. 15-17.
- Is this in its chronological place? See viii. 1.
2. Four Giants Killed in Battle. 18-22.
- When was this? 18, cf. I. Chron. xx. 1-8.
- Where was Gob? 18, cf. I. Chron. xx. 4.
- What Goliath? 19, cf. 22.
3. The Psalm. xxii. 1-51, cf. Ps. xviii. 1-50.
- When composed; before, or after his great sin? 1, cf. 22-25.
4. David's Latest Poem. xxiii. 1-7.
- Whence the title "sweet psalmist of Israel"? 1.
- Extent of claim of inspiration? 2.
- His conception of what a ruler should be? 3-7.
5. List of David's Heroes. 8-39. § VII. THE NUMBERING OF ISRAEL, AND THE PLAGUE THAT FOLLOWED.
xxiv. 1-25; I. Chron. xxi. 1-30, cf. I. Chron. xxvii. 23, 24.1. Order for the Numbering. xxiv. 1-4.
- How did God move David to this? 1, cf. I. Chron. xxi. 1.
- Why did Joab oppose the measure? 3.
- What was wrong in it?
2. The Order Executed in Part. 5-9.
- What the route of the enumerators? 5-7.
- The total? 9.
- What omission? and why? 6.
- What discrepancy? and how accounted for? 9, cf. I. Chron. xxi. 5. [33]
3. David Repents and God Gives Him Choice of Penalties. 10-17.
- Why think he had sinned? 10.
- What before known of Gad?
- How would he be more in God's hands with a pestilence? 13, 14.
- Where was Araunah's threshing-floor? 16, cf. II. Chron. iii. 1.
- Did he see the angel? 16.
4. The Plague Is Stayed by a Sacrifice. 18-25. [CNSH2 18-34]
- Why did Araunah offer to give the victims? 22, 23.
- Why did David insist on paying? 24.
- Discrepancy as to the price paid? 24, cf. I. Chron. xxi. 25.
- Which figures are correct?
- Where the tabernacle, and why not offer as it? ib. 29, 30. [34]
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